Submucosal Tunneling Endoscopic Resection of a Leiomyoma Originating from the Muscularis Propria of the Gastric Cardia (with Video) / 대한소화기학회지

While endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is widely used to treat gastrointestinal tumors, it is rarely used for subepithelial tumors (SETs) originating from the muscularis propria of the esophagus and gastric cardia because of the risk of perforation and problems with inadequate space and field of view during procedures. Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) is a new therapeutic method for treating SETs in specific locations in the esophagus and stomach. This technique is highly skill-dependent, using a mucosal flap that covers a deeper part of the gut wall, but is safe and minimally invasive compared with conventional endoscopic approaches such as ESD in SETs originating from the muscularis propria.We report a patient who underwent STER to remove a SET located at the gastric cardia. The patient recovered without any complications. We believe that our case shows the efficacy and safety of the STER technique for patients with a SET originating from the muscularis propria.

Characteristics of Advanced Gastric Cancer Undetected on Gastroscopy / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Stomach cancer can be easily diagnosed via endoscopy, but also possible to be missed. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of advanced gastric cancers that were not diagnosed based on endoscopic examination. METHODS: We evaluated patients who had newly diagnosed advanced gastric cancer that was undetected via endoscopy within the last six months. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were included in this study. The locations of the cancers were the cardia in six cases, the greater curvature side of the body in eight cases and the antrum in two cases. The histological findings were tubular type adenocarcinoma in 11 cases, with ten cases of moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and five cases of signet ring cell type adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Even advanced gastric cancer lesions may not be detected during endoscopy. If a patient continues to complain of upper gastrointestinal symptoms, even though endoscopy does not find abnormal findings, repeated endoscopy and/or additional diagnostic studies should be considered.

Carcinoma de la unión esofagogástrica: una mirada a un terreno difícil: [revisión] / Gastroesophageal junction carcinoma: an overview to a difficult terrain: [review]

Justificación. En el mundo occidental ha disminuido el carcinoma gástrico. El carcinoma de la unión gastroesofágica presenta una incidencia en aumento, y una aparente falta de estudio. Objetivo. Revisar los datos actualizados en relación al Carcinoma de la unión gastroesofágica, con el fi n de estimular un mayor estudio al respecto. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda, en la base de datos de MEDLINE, entre los años 1990 y 2006, con base en Cochrane Reviews Manual. Se utilizaron los términos Esophagogastric junction Carcinoma. De los artículos obtenidos inicialmente, fueron seleccionados los más relevantes por su actualidad. Conclusiones: la clasifi cación de Siewert es fundamental para el tratamiento del carcinoma de la unión gastroesofágica. La quimioterapia y radioterapia adyuvantes son una buena opción para disminuir la tasa de recaídas y mejorar pronóstico. Aún faltan estudios que indiquen el tamizaje y que profundicen en los parámetros adecuados para el tratamiento del CUEG.

Justification. In the western world the gastric carcinoma has decreased. The gastroesophageal junction carcinoma shows an arising incidence, and an apparent lack in its study. Objective. To revise the actualized data regarding the Gastroesophageal junction carcinoma. Materials and methods. A research was made, through the MEDLINE database, between the years 1990 to 2006, with base in the Cochrane Reviews Manual. The terms used were Esophagogastric junction carcinoma. Of the initially obtained articles, the most relevant were selected because their actuality. Conclusions. The Siwert’s classification is fundamental of the treatment of the Gastroesophageal junction. The adjuvant chemotherapy plus radiotherapy is a good choice to improve the overall and relapse-free survival. There are still not enough studies that indicate the screening and all the parameters to determine the treatment of Gastroesophageal junction carcinoma.

Estudo clínico-patológico, da proliferação celular e da apoptose no adenocarcinoma gástrico da cárdia / Analysis of clinicopathological, tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis parameters in adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia / Analysis of clinicopathological, tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis parameters in adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia

RACIONAL/OBJETIVO: Em vista do aumento na incidência do carcinoma da cárdia nos últimos anos, este trabalho visa estudar os aspectos clínico-patológicos, da proliferação celular e da apoptose tumorais, suas correlações e eventuais influências no seu prognóstico. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudaram-se 40 doentes submetidos a gastrectomia total por carcinoma da cárdia, no período de 1988 a 2001, com seguimento clínico de no mínimo 3 anos. Excluíram-se aqueles com tratamento químio ou radioterápico prévio, neoplasia precoce, óbito no intra-operatório ou por outras causas não relacionadas ao câncer. Analisou-se sexo, idade, tipo histológico de Laurén, padrão de crescimento tumoral de Ming, estádio e presença ou ausência de metaplasia intestinal e/ou Helicobacter pylori na mucosa adjacente. O índice apoptótico foi avaliado por cortes histológicos corados pela hematoxilina-eosina. O índice de proliferação celular foi avaliado por meio da imunoexpressão ao PCNA, sendo a técnica imunoistoquímica utilizada a da estreptoavidina-biotina-peroxidase. Para análise da sobrevida, excluíram-se os casos com metástase à distância ao diagnóstico. Foram utilizados testes t de Student, de Mann-Whitney, curvas de Kaplan-Meier e modelo de regressão de Cox. O nível de significância adotado foi menor de 0,05. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi de 61 anos (mediana: 63); houve predomínio do sexo masculino (72,5 por cento), tipo histológico difuso (55 por cento) e infiltrativo (72,5 por cento) e de estádios mais avançados (III e IV: 67,5 por cento). Não houve associação com metaplasia intestinal e/ou H. pylori. O índice apoptótico médio foi de 7,05 em 10 campos consecutivos de grande aumento e de 11,40 em 500 células (2,28 por cento). A positividade média ao PCNA foi de 275,05 células em 10 campos consecutivos de grande aumento e de 409,33 em 500 células (81,9 por cento). Houve correlação positiva do tipo histológico intestinal com PCNA e com a apoptose em 10 campos consecutivos de grande aumento e de ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In view of the increased incidence of carcinoma of the cardia over recent years, this work had the aim of studying the clinicopathological aspects, cell proliferative and tumor apoptotic indices of this neoplasm, their interrelations and possible influences on the prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty cases of adenocarcinoma of the cardia were studied between 1988 and 2001, with a minimum clinical follow-up of 3 years. Patients were excluded if they had previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment, presented early neoplasia, or died during the operations or for other reasons unrelated to cancer. Gender; age, Laurén and Ming histological type, staging, and the presence or absence of intestinal metaplasia, epithelial dysplasia and Helicobacter pylori in the adjacent mucosa were analyzed. The apoptotic index was evaluated via hematoxylin-eosin in the primary tumor. To analyze the cell proliferation tumor, PCNA was utilized. The immunohistochemical technique utilized was streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase. For the survival analysis, cases with distant metastasis upon diagnosis were excluded. For the statistical analysis, the Student t and Mann-Whitney tests, Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression model were utilized. RESULTS: The mean age was 61 years (median: 63). There was predominance of the male gender (72.5 percent), diffuse histological type (55 percent) and infiltrative histological type (72.5 percent), and the more advanced stages (III and IV: 67.5 percent). There was no association with intestinal metaplasia and/or H. pylori. No epithelial dysplasia was detected in adjacent mucosa in any of the cases. The mean apoptotic index was 7.05 in 10 high power fields and 11.40 in 500 cells (2.28 percent). The mean positivity to PCNA was 275.05 cells in ten high power fields and 409.33 in 500 cells (81.9 percent). There was a positive correlation between the cell proliferative and apoptotic indices. There was a positive correlation for intestinal ...

Clinicopathologic characteristics of esophageal cancer patients in northwest Iran--very low incidence of adenocarcinomas.

AIMS: Iran is one of the known countries with a high incidence of esophageal cancer in Asia .We have recently shown that the incidence of Barrett's esophagus, a precancerous lesion for esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) is very low in the northwest of the country. Therefore, we hypothesized that esophageal AC would also be lower than in the Western world. The aim of this study was to assess the clinicopathologic characteristics of esophageal cancer in comparison the data from western populations. METHODS: This mixed (prospective-retrospective) study enrolled 350 consecutive patients with esophageal cancers (216 endoscopically and pathologically documented, including 134 surgically proven cases) from May 2000 to May 2006, in our referral center in Tabriz, in the northwest of Iran. We localized the tumors in esophagus and esophago-gastric junction. Type III gastric cardial cancers were excluded. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 61+/-12.36 (min 16, max 83). The male to female ratio was almost equal (51.7% vs 48.3%). The lower third of the esophagus was involved in 62% of the patients and esophageal ACs accounted for 18.9% of the cases. However, distinct esophageal adenocarcinomas was only seen in two and in the remainder gastric cardia was also involved. SCC was more frequent in females, and adenocarcinoma in males (x 2=8.89, df=2, p=0.012. Among 134 operated cases, resection was feasible in 74.6%. CONCLUSION: In this Iranian population, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is very much lower than in Western countries.

Comparación entre el aspecto endoscópico del cardias, hallazgos manométricos y pHmetría de 24 horas en pacientes con síntomas de reflujo gastroesofágico crónico / Comparison of the endoscopic aspect of the cardia, manometry and 24 hours pH measurement in patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux

Background: The endoscopic view of the gastric cardia could be related with the manometric competence of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and with pathological gastroesophageal reflux. Aim: To compare the endoscopic aspect of the cardia with the results from esophageal manometry and 24 h esophageal pH monitoring. Materials and Methods: The cardia of a group of 150 patients (aged 19 to 72 years, 89 women) with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms was classified as normal or open, during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. All subjects were subjected to a manometric study to measure LES pressure and determine LES incompetence and to a 24 h esophageal pH measurement. Results: LES pressure was 14.7±6.2 and 8.7±4.2 mmHg in patients with normal and open cardia, respectvively (p <0.001). Likewise, 43 and 79% of patients with normal and open cardia had an incompetent LES, respectively (p <0.001). Pathological acid reflux was present in 43 and 71% of patients with normal or open cardia, respectively (p <0.001). Conclusions: The endoscopic appearance of the cardia can identify patients with pathological gastroesophageal reflux.

¿Qué hacen y qué hacemos en el cáncer de esófago y cardias? / What do others do and what do we do in esophagus and cardia cancer

A pesar de los avances en las técnicas quirúrgicas para las resecciones esofágicas en el cáncer de esófago y en los cuidados perioperatorios a los pacientes en este tipo de cirugía, los resultados continúan siendo heterogéneos y variados los procedimientos en la terapéutica quirúrgica de esta enfermedad. Se exponen las principales controversias sobre el tratamiento quirúrgico y las evidencias científicas relevantes respecto a cada caso en particular y se realiza un análisis crítico de cada una de ellas. Finalmente se presentan los resultados obtenidos por nuestros grupos de trabajo en el tratamiento de esta afección(AU)

In spite of the advances in the surgical techniques for the resections esofágicas in the esophagus cancer and in the cares perioperatorios to the patients in this surgery type, the results continue being heterogeneous and varied the procedures in the surgical therapy of this illness. The main controversies are exposed in particular on the surgical treatment and the excellent scientific evidences regarding each case and he/she is carried out a critical analysis of each one of them. Finally the results are presented obtained by our work groups in the treatment of this affection(AU)

Efectividad de la gastrectomía total ampliada por cáncer de cardias y fondo del estómago / Effectivity of total extended gastrectomy due to cardia and fundus of the stomach cancer

Se presentan 18 pacientes tratados con gastrectomía total ampliada por presentar cáncer de cardias y fondo del estómago, en el Hospital Manuel Fajardo en el período de enero de 1995 a enero de 2003. Mostramos los resultados obtenidos con la gastrectomía total ampliada con respecto a la supervivencia y a la presencia de complicaciones, en especial las dehiscencias de anastomosis. El 88,8 por ciento de los pacientes era del sexo masculino y el 50 por ciento estaba en la sexta década de la vida. Todos eran fumadores. Las lesiones del tipo adenocarcinoma estaban localizadas en el cardias en el 34,5 por ciento de los casos, mientras en el resto se extendían al fondo del estómago (65,5por ciento). En el 78,8 por ciento la anastomosis fue manual; la técnica en Y de Roux se utilizó en el 44,5 por ciento y la anastomosis término-lateral con la modificación de Warren en el 55,5 por ciento. No ocurrieron dehiscencias. La mortalidad quirúrgica fue del 5,5 por ciento. La supervivencia a los 3 años fue del 33,3(AU)

18 patients treaties are presented with total gastrectomía enlarged to present cardias cancer and bottom of the stomach, in the Hospital Manuel Fajardo in the period of January of 1995 to January of 2003. We show the results obtained with the total gastrectomía enlarged with regard to the survival and to the presence of complications, especially the anastomosis dehiscencias. 88,8 percent of the patients was of the masculine sex and 50 percent it was in the sixth decade of the life. All were smoking. The lesions of the type adenocarcinoma were located in the cardias by 34,5 percent of the cases, while in the rest they extended to the bottom of the stomach (65,5 percent). By 78,8 percent the anastomosis was manual; the technique in AND of Roux it was used in 44,5 percent and the term-lateral anastomosis with the modification of Warren by 55,5 percent. They didn't happen dehiscencias. The surgical mortality was of 5,5 percent. The survival to the 3 years was of the 33,3(AU)

Características clínico-moleculares del cáncer gástrico cardial asociado al virus Epstein Barr / Clinical and molecular features of cardial gastric cancer associated to Epstein Barr virus

Background: Mortality caused by cardial gastric cancer in Chile, is increasing. Previously we demonstrated an association between Epstein Barr virus and this specific location of gastric cancer. Aim: To perform a clinical and molecular characterization of cardial gastric cancer associated to Epstein Barr virus. Material and methods: Epstein Barr virus was identified in 93 cardial gastric tumors, by in situ hybridization. Clinical and pathological features, survival and expression of p53 and c-erbB2 were compared between tumors with or without the presence of the virus. Results: Twenty two (23.6%) tumors expressed Epstein Barr virus. No difference in sex or age of patients with tumors positive or negative for the virus was observed. Epstein Barr positive tumors had a tendency to have a higher frequency of Bormann III endoscopic appearance and a lower frequency of p53 accumulation (p=0.06). Five years survival was 67% and 42% of tumors positive and negative for the presence of the virus, respectively (p=0.57). Conclusions: Our results, although not significant, show a tendency towards unique characteristics of cardial gastric tumors associated to Epstein Barr virus.

Incidental detection of tubular esophageal duplication in gastric cardia malignancy.

Congenital esophageal duplications represent about 15% of digestive tract duplications. We report a 38-year-old man who presented with longstanding heartburn and recent dysphagia. Endoscopy showed communicating tubular duplication of lower esophagus with ulceroproliferative growth at the gastric cardia extending into the lower esophagus. Histology of radical esophagogastrectomy specimen showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of gastric cardia without evidence of Barrett's esophagus.

Achalasia cardia and alacrima in an infant

Achalasia cardia is a very rare entity in children and may go undiagnosed for many months if not suspected. We report a case of a 4 months old child who presented with regurgitation of milk and solids and failure to thrive. She was initially treated as gastro-oesophageal reflux. There was a family history of achalasia cardia in the kins with resultant death in one and grossly delayed milestones in the other. Along with achalasia cardia, our patient had alacrima, which brought attention to the associations of achalasia with 'double A', 'triple A' and the '4 A' syndromes

Metaplasia intestinal especializada de esôfago distal na doença do refluxo gastroesofágico: prevalência e aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos / Specialized intestinal metaplasia of distal esophagus in the gastroesophageal reflux disease: prevalence and clinical-demographic features

RACIONAL: A metaplasia intestinal especializada pode ser classificada, de acordo com os achados endoscópicos e histológicos, em Barrett longo, Barrett curto e metaplasia intestinal da cárdia. O esôfago de Barrett é doença adquirida que ocorre em aproximadamente 10 por cento a 13 por cento dos indivíduos com doença do refluxo gastroesofágico e representa uma condição pré-neoplásica. É caracterizado por substituição do epitélio escamoso estratificado pelo metaplásico colunar especializado, contendo células caliciformes. OBJETIVOS: Determinar, prospectivamente, a prevalência e as características clínico-epidemiológicas da metaplasia intestinal especializada de esôfago distal na doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. MÉTODOS: Entre abril e outubro de 2002, 402 pacientes com sintomas da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico foram avaliados através de questionário padronizado que abordava as variáveis demográficas e foram submetidos a exame endoscópico com biopsias 1 cm abaixo da junção escamocolunar, nos quatro quadrantes. RESULTADOS: Metaplasia intestinal especializada foi encontrada em 18,4 por cento dos pacientes: 0,5 por cento Barrett longo, 3,2 por cento Barrett curto e 14,7 por cento metaplasia intestinal da cárdia. Houve tendência de maior número de homens apresentando esôfago de Barrett e mulheres com metaplasia intestinal da cárdia. Todos com esôfago de Barrett eram da raça branca. Não houve relação entre a intensidade dos sintomas da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico e a presença de metaplasia intestinal especializada. O tempo de duração de sintomas superior a 5 anos foi uma tendência nos portadores de esôfago de Barrett. Este grupo também apresentou mais hérnia de hiato e esofagite mais intensa do que aqueles com metaplasia intestinal da cárdia. Não houve relação entre uso de tabaco ou álcool e metaplasia intestinal especializada. CONCLUSÕES: Esôfago de Barrett foi mais relacionado ao sexo masculino, com sintomas de longa cronicidade, esofagite mais intensa e sem associação com tabaco ou álcool.

Anatomical classification and results of surgical treatment for adenocarcinoma of the cardia

One hundred and eight patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the cardia were treated. The Siewert's classification was used to categorize these lesions into three types according to the relation of the tumor mass to the anatomical cardia. Total esophagectomy with resection of lymph nodes in the paracardial and posterior mediastinal regions was carried out for all type I lesions and a total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy as described for gastric cancer was the principal procedure for type III disease. For type II disease, a D2 lymphadenectomy was the essential part of the procedure in addition to either total gastrectomy or total esophagectomy based on the tumor extent. The average follow up period was 15-108 months [median 42.8 +/- 13.7 months]. The analysis included the surgical approaches used, the extent of resection, 30-day death rate, postoperative complications, depth of tumor invasion [pT], nodal status in resected specimens and the overall survival. The study concluded that adenocarcinoma of the cardia continues to carry a dismal prognosis. The topographic and anatomical classification of these lesions provides a useful tool for selecting the surgical approach and guide the extent of resection

Factores pronósticos del carcinoma del cardias / Prognostic factors of cardia adenocarcinoma

El carcinoma localizado en la unión esofagogástrica es una entidad clínica distinta a las de los carcinomas localizados en otras regiones del estómago. Este estudio tiene por objeto analizar las características biológicas del carcinoma del cardias. En el período 1983-1998 hemos operado 93 pacientes con carcinomas localizados en el cardias, de los cuales 69 correspondían a hombres (74,2 por ciento) y 24 a mujeres (25,8 por ciento). El promedio de edad fue de 59,7 años, con un rango de 30 a 80 años. La mortalidad operatoria de esta serie fue de 7,5 por ciento. Sesenta y siete pacientes tenían metástasis ganglionares (72 por ciento); 35,7 por ciento de los enfermos tenían tumores bien o moderadamente diferenciados y 64,3 por ciento tenían tumores poco diferenciados o indiferenciados. Se realizó una gastrectomía total ampliada en 74 pacientes y una esofagogastrectomía total ampliada en 19 enfermos. El tumor estaba confinado al cardias en 48 casos (22,5 por ciento). Se comprobó que la presencia de tumor residual en el margen de sección esofágico (19,4 por ciento de los pacientes) se relaciona con un muy mal pronóstico. La sobrevida actuarial a los 5 años fue 14,7 por ciento. La sobrevida a 5 años de los pacientes es estadio I (2 pacientoes), II (20) IIIA (32) y IIIB (23) fue de 100 por ciento, 32,7 por ciento; 11 por ciento y 2,8 por ciento respectivamente, mientras que ningún paciente es estadio IV (6) alcanzó los 5 años de sobrevida

Prevalencia de mucosa cardial o fúndica y presencia de helicobacter pylori en la unión de mucosas escamoso-columnar en pacientes con reflujo gastroesofágico crónico patológico sin metaplasia intestinal comparados con controles / Prevalence of cardial or fundic mucosa and helicobacter pylorii infection in patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux

Background: The mucosa distal to the endoscopic mucosal change zone can have easily diagnosed early alterations, in patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux. Aim: To determine the type of mucosa existent in the zone distal to the squamous-columnar junction in patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux without intestinal metaplasia. Patients and methods: One hundred thirty four controls and 208 patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux lasting two years were studied. Forty three of these patients had a normal endoscopy, 54 had an erosive esophagitis and 111 had a short columnar epithelium covering the distal esophagus, without intestinal metaplasia. In all subjects, four biopsies were obtained from a zone distal to the squamous-columnar junction and two from the distal gastric antrum. Results: In 59 percent of control subjects, fundic mucosa was present in the zone distal to the squamous-columnar junction. Cardial mucosa was present in the rest. In patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux, cardial mucosa was predominant. Helicobacter pylorii infection decreased along with increasing extension of cardial mucosa covering the distal esophagus. Conclusions: In patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux there is a metaplasia of fundic mucosa towards cardial mucosa. On the other hand, Helicobacter pylorii infection decreases gradually

Validity of the specialized columnar epithelium as a diagnostic criterion of the short segment Barrett's esophagus

OBJECTIVE: In the areas where intestinal metaplasia of the stomach is highly prevalent, diagnosing Barrett's esophagus solely by the presence of specialized columnar epithelium in the distal esophagus may lead to many false positive diagnoses. The aim of this study was to test validity of the specialized columnar epithelium as a diagnostic criterion of the short segment Barrett's esophagus in Korea. METHODS: During routine gastroscopy, the length of columnar-lined esophagus was measured and biopsy samples were taken from the mucosa immediately distal to the squamocolumnar junction. Under light microscopy, alcian blue-positive cells were identified. RESULTS: Prevalence of the specialized columnar epithelium in cases without the columnar-lined esophagus and with the short segment columnar-lined esophagus were 57.1% and 31.2%, respectively (P = 0.0281). The specialized columnar epithelium is frequently seen around the cardia in Koreans with or without the columnar-lined esophagus. CONCLUSION: Simple presence of the specialized columnar epithelium is not a valid criterion for a diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus. We propose that both the short segment Barrett's esophagus and the goblet cell metaplasia of the cardia might be grouped together under a title of "the specialized columnar epithelium around the gastroesophageal junction" as a potential preceding condition of adenocarcinoma around the cardia.

Carcinoma da cárdia / Carcinoma of the cardia

A esofagectomia total associada à gastrectomia parcial com margens de pelo menos 6 cm, que permitem ainda a confecçäo de um tubo gástrico para anastomose cervical, é para nós boa conduta terapêutica. A esofagastrectomia total deve ser reservada para pacientes com extenso comprometimento gastroesofágico ou para se alcançar margens seguras. Da mesma forma, preconizam a linfadenectomia também em fases adiantadas da doença, quando indicado. O adenocarcinoma da cárdia é atendido em fase tardia em nosso meio, näo permitindo que se realizem procedimentos mais radicais na maioria dos casos

Atualizaçäo em carcinoma do cárdia / Cardial cancer: an update

Neste trabalho, os autores fazem uma revisäo bibliográfica sobre o carcinoma do cárdia enfatizando aspectos epidemiológicos, anátomo-patológicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos. Säo discutidas as controvérsias da literatura quanto á definiçäo e tratamento dessa patologia

Carcinoma de la zona de transición esôfago-gástrica (cardias): un desafio de táctica quirúrgica / Gastroesophageal transition zone carcinomas (cardias): a challenge a surgical tactics

En base a una corta casuística de 17 operados por carcinoma de la zona de transición esófago-gástrica, se hace un estudio crítico retrospectivo. Se destaca la tardanza en el diagnóstico y la evolución infausta que como consecuencia de esta situación, determina que la propagación se haga muy florida, tanto en el aspecto visceral como ganglionar. En el primer aspecto, enfrenta la posibilidad de resecciones insuficientes tanto por el lado esofágico como por el gástrico y en el segundo plantea la necesidad de abordar tórax y abdomen si se quiere ser radical en el vaciamiento. Estas situaciones plantean posibilidades de abordaje combinados, en enfermos a menudo longevos y disminuídos en su función cardio-respiratória y nutricia por una parte y, por la otra, la necesidad de ubicar la anastomosis en torax, abdomen o cuello, de acuerdo al tipo de resección efectuada. En base a estas consideraciones analizadas por las distintas táticas que se emplearon, se comentan las bondades e inconvenientes de las mismas, lo que hará aceptar que cada caso requiere una tática propria, debiendo dejarse de lado, las operaciones tipo para todos los enfermos